VITAMIN D LINKED TO REDUCED MORTALITY RATE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Washington, DC (Tuesday, May 6, 2008) — For patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease
(CKD), treatment with activated vitamin D may reduce the risk of death by approximately one-fourth,
suggests a study in the August Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.
Many patients with advanced CKD take the drug calcitriol, an oral form of activated vitamin D, to
treat elevated levels of parathyroid hormone. "Although activated vitamin D is known to influence many
biological processes, previous clinical knowledge is limited to its effect on parathyroid hormone levels,"
explains Dr. Bryan Kestenbaum of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study authors.
The study included 1,418 patients who had stage 3 to 4 CKD, which means moderately to severely
reduced kidney function. All patients also had high parathyroid hormone levels (hyperparathyroidism),
which can contribute to weakening of the bones in CKD. The researchers identified one group of patients
who were being treated with calcitriol to lower their parathyroid hormone levels and another group who
were not receiving calcitriol.

During a two-year follow-up period, mortality rates were compared for patients who were and were
not taking calcitriol. "We then adjusted for differences in age, kidney function, parathyroid hormone levels,
other illnesses, and other medications," says Dr. Kestenbaum.
In the adjusted analysis, the overall risk of death was about 26 percent lower for patients taking
calcitriol. Patients on calcitriol were also less likely to develop end-stage renal disease, requiring dialysis to
replace lost kidney function.

Overall, treatment with calcitriol was associated with a 20 percent reduction in the risk of either
death or dialysis. The reduction in mortality with calcitriol was unrelated to its effect on parathyroid
hormone levels.

"Recently, there has been an increased focus on the effects of vitamin D beyond those on bone
health," Dr. Kestenbaum comments. "Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with risk factors for
cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and inflammation." Previous studies have
suggested that treatment with intravenous vitamin D can improve survival in patients on hemodialysis.
The new results suggest that treatment with oral activated vitamin D may also improve survival in
patients with CKD who do not yet require dialysis. "Randomized clinical trials are needed to test the
hypothesis that vitamin D therapy can improve cardiovascular health and survival in CKD,"
Dr. Kestenbaum adds. "Future studies should also examine the role of non-activated vitamin D, which is
less expensive and less toxic."

The study has some important limitations, including a lack of data on other factors that may have
affected survival in patients taking calcitriol. Also, since the study included mainly older, white men, the
results may not apply to younger, more ethnically diverse populations with CKD.
This study was supported by a Career Development Award (K23 DK63274-01) from the National
Institutes of Health.

Dr. Kestenbaum receives consulting fees from Abbott and Shire as well as grant support from
Amgen.

The study entitled, "Association of Oral Calcitriol with Improved Survival in Nondialyzed CKD,"
will be available online at http://jasn.asnjournals.org/ beginning on Wednesday, May 7, 2008, and in print
in the August issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN).
The American Society of Nephrology (ASN) is a not-for-profit organization of 11,000 physicians
and scientists dedicated to the study of nephrology and committed to providing a forum for the
promulgation of information regarding the latest research and clinical findings on kidney diseases. ASN
publishes JASN, the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (CJASN), and the Nephrology
Self-Assessment Program (NephSAP). In January 2009, ASN will launch a newsmagazine.